Case Study Animal Cloning Moa ( Dinornithidae ) And...

Case Study 2: Animal Cloning Organism: Moa (Dinornithidae) and Sheep (Ovis aries) The first successful mammal was cloned in the form of Dolly the sheep in 1996. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, and lived there until her death when she was six years old. Animal cloning refers to the production of genetically identical whole organisms, or ‘clones’. This is carried out with the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cloning is designed to quickly and efficiently to produce many identical copies of an organism (generally with desired traits). Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the process of transferring a nucleus from a donor cell to an enucleated egg (an egg that has had the nucleus removed). An pulse of electricity fuses the nucleus and enucleated egg together and the resultant egg is then left to divide artificially for about 5 days (known as a blastocyst). The blastocyst will then be transferred into a surrogate mother that will give birth to the offspring. This offspring will have the identical DNA to the organism the som atic cell (nucleus) came from unless a mutation occurs, which will cause a slight change in the DNA coding sequence. However, the offspring will carry the mitochondria from the donor egg cell rather than the somatic cell which can unfortunately lead to nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibilities that can lead to death. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from a somatic cell. Following Dolly’s death at theShow MoreRelatedHuman Manipulation Of Genetic Transfer And Its Biological Implications2422 Words   |  10 PagesAS91607 Demonstrate understanding of human manipulations of genetic transfer and its biological implications By Ryan Neill (3 credits) Case Study 1: Selective Breeding Organism: Cattle (Bos Taurus) Over time, all organisms are subject to natural selection. Natural selection is where Nature selects against traits that either disadvantage the organism or against traits that are not of any use to the organism; these are known as adaptations. These adaptations can be seen in many forms. They include: